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Warnung

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By David & Julie Speechley

 

"A science that is concerned with forces that act on the body and the effect that these forces produce"

OUTCOMES

  • Define biomechanics
  • Identify the basic principles of movement
  • Identify types of propulsion and resistance in the water
  • Define efficient movement
  • Identify the factors that limit propulsion in the water for the adult swimmer

ASSESSMENT

  • By completing a worksheet (take home)
  • Analysing swimming strokes via a worksheet (home activity)

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

  • Describe how biomechanics can contribute to performance
  • List the basic principles of movement
  • List types of propulsion and resistance in the water
  • Analyse a swimming stroke and identify efficient propulsion and sources of resistance

ELEMENTS OF BIOMECHANICS THAT AFFECT A MOVING BODY

  • Balance
  • Motion
  • Forces
  • Levers
  • Momentum
  • Flexibility
  • Comparative strengths and weaknesses including injuries

OTHER FORCES

  • Buoyancy
  • Propulsion
  • Resistance

BUOYANCY

  • Things that float … fat … air
  • Things that sink … bone … muscle
  • 70% of the body consists of water which is neutrally buoyant
  • Age variations and changes occur to … lung capacity – bone density – muscle mass – fat distribution
  • Buoyancy is determined by … weight of displaced water – weight of swimmer – the relationship between the above two

If the relationship between the two is positive, then the object/swimmer will float or, conversely, if negative, then the object/swimmer will sink.

BODY POSITION

Determined by…

  • Location of the centre of gravity
  • Location of the centre of buoyancy
  • The relationship between the two

Age variations occur due to…

  • Change in distribution of fat
  • Alterations to bone density
  • Decrease in muscle mass

Other variations due to…

  • Water density
  • Water temperature

Bio1

The centre of gravity and the centre of buoyancy vertically align.

This will determine the angle at which a person floats (or sinks).

A person positioned horizontally on the surface is usually considered to be floating better … though this is a misnomer.

PROPULSION

Concepts to understand…

  • Body moves forward not the hand back
  • Long stroke = distance travelled
  • Moving hand into still water – curved pull pathways and accelerating arm speed
  • Blade and curved surface effects – Bernoulli’s lift principle
  • Converting momentum of the stroke into recovery – increasing stroke rating

RESISTANCE

  • Frontal
  • Eddy (turbulence)
  • Surface (skin)

In water, for every increment increase in speed there is a four-fold increase in resistance.

Bio2

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